English Language practice (tips n tricks)

1.....The Demonstratives

   In this course we will study the demonstratives: This, that, these and those.

The demonstratives have the function of showing the position of something according to the speaker.

This:

This is singular, and refers to something that is near the speaker.

- This is my house.
- What is this?

That:

That is also singular but unlike This, That is referring to something that is far from the speaker.

- Do you see that house? it's mine.
- is that a bird on the tree?

These:

These is the plural of This, it has the same function but for plural noun.

- These boys are my brothers.
- Let me see these books.

Those:

Those if the plural of of That, it refers to many things that are far from the speaker.

- Those things on the tree are birds.
- I can see those men coming to us.

2.. MUST N HAVE TO

 we will study the verbs Must and Have to and their differences.

- Both Have to and Must are used to express an obligation. But Must is subjective: it's the speaker who thinks this is an obligation, but for Have to the speaker is obliged.

• I must stop smoking.
• My parents warned me, I have to stop smoking.
• The teacher is strict, you have to do your homework.
• You must visit London, it's a beautiful city.

as you see, have toexpresses an obligation due to outside effect, and must is just an opinion of the speaker.

- Must is sometimes used to express a deduction, examples:

• You ate the cake alone, it must be delicious.
• everybody is talking about Messi, he must be a good player.

- In the negative forms the verbs have different meaning:

Must not means prohibition from doing something, it's a strong obligation not to do it.

• You mustn't break the law.
• The doctor told me that I must not drink alcohol.

Have not to means there is no necessity to do something:

• The teacher is ill, I don't have to go to school.
• You don't have to listen to me, you look busy.
• 
  
• 3... May n might
• 
  
• In this new course we will study the two forms of the verb May (May & Might) and their usage.
  

• - May is used to ask for a permission in a polite way, for example:

  • May I borrow your bicycle?
  • May we go out?

  and May can be used in the answer for these questions. example: You may not borrow it!

  - May is also used when we talk about something that can happen, examples:

  • it may rain this evening
  • You may come with us.
  • May be you are fine.

  Note that: May be = perhaps.

  - As for Might, it's slightly different from May when we are talking about something that can happen:

  • it might rain this evening
  • You might come with us

  - Might is also used as the past of May:

  • He asked me if he might borrow the bicycle.
  • I have just woke up, my parent mighthave arrived.

  - May have and Might have are used to talk about an event that happened in the past or have just happened right now. (last example)In this course we will study the comparison in the english language.

  4...COMPARISION COMPARITIVE N SUPERLATIVE

  Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
  1- Great 2- Easy 3- Old 4- Big 5- Simple 6- Good	Greater Easier Older Bigger Simpler Better	Greatest Easiest Oldest Biggest Simplest Best

  From these examples we conclude that there are some rules:

  • We form the comparative by adding er to the adjective, and the superlative by adding est.
  • For the adjectives ending by y, we change y to i and add er/est.
  • For some adjectives like Big we double the last letter and add er/est.
  • There are irregular adjectives whose comparatives and superlatives are different. see previous example 6.

  There is another way to form the comparative and the superlative by adding the words More and Most.

  Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
  Difficult Expensive	More difficult More expensive	Most difficult Most expensive

  5....COMPARISION THAN AND AS
  • Comparative+than:

  We use this case when there is a difference between between the two things we compare, examples:

  - I am taller than you
  - This lesson is easier than the last one.
  - This year's exam is more difficult thanlast year's.

  • As  as:

  In the case when there is no difference between the two things we compare, we use the expressions as

  - The blue car is as expensive as the the red one.
  - I am as tall as you.
  - This lesson is as easy as the last one.

  • Not as � as:

  Another way to express the difference is to use the expression Not as.. as. Examples:

  - This lesson is not as easy as the last one.
  - I am not as tall as you.

• The comparison of the adjectives has two forms called: the comparative and the superlative.